I. INTRODUCTION A. BACKGROUND B. OBJECTIVE C. INDUCTION MOTOR OVERVIEW D. APPROACH II. OBSERVER OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC TORQUE A. DERIVATION OF TORQUE EQUATION 1. Flux Linkage and Voltage Equations in the Arbitrary (qd0) Reference Frame 2. Electromagnetic Torque Equation B. TORQUE ESTIMATOR IN SIMULINK/MATLAB ENVIROMENT 1. Designing the Torque Estimator 2. Computer Simulation — Analysis [...]