PLANNING FACTORS
Types of Exterior Distribution Systems-Steam and Condensate. –Hot Water -Compressed Air.-Chilled Water -Cooling or Condensing Water -Natural Gas .-Exterior Buried Natural Gas -Distribution Systems. -Exterior Shallow Trench Heat Distribution System –Exterior Underground Heat Distribution Systems -Exterior Aboveground Steam Distribution System-Exterior Piping Insulation-Exterior Buried Pumped Condensate Return System -Exterior Buried Preinsulated Water Piping. -Exterior Compressed Air Piping System -Loads and Distribution System Locations
Requirements for Individual Facilities. -System Load Demand Factors. -Aboveground and Underground Systems -Distribution Routes -Aboveground Piping Routes . -Buried Piping Routes.
Economic Studies. -Annual Owning, Operating, and Maintenance Costs -Steam Versus High Temperature Water Distribution-High-Pressure (above 50 psig) (344.5 kPa) Steam-Versus Low-Pressure (0 to 14 psig) (0 to 103.4 kPa)-Steam Distribution. -Insulation for Shallow Trench Systems Which Exceed 500 Feet. -Heat Loss Formulas. -Heat Loss and Cost Relationship -Ground Water Conditions.
GENERAL DESIGN FACTORS
Design Responsibilities for Underground-Pre-engineered Heat Distribution Systems. -Design by Project Designer-Design by System Supplier -Distribution Site Location. –Location Factors. -Subsurface Explorations -Timing of Survey. -Time of Year. -Exploration Considerations-Test Explorations -Depth of Exploration. -Special Ground Considerations . -Permeability Tests. -Test Results. -Soil Resistivity. -Soil Corrosiveness Classification -Soil Stability. -Soil Load-Bearing Capacity. -Site Classification -Analyzing Site Classification for Application of Pre-Engineered Underground System -Analyzing Site Classification for Application of Shallow Concrete Trench System-Soils –Settlement of Trenches-Under-Trench Drainage Systems -Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Plastic (RTRP) Pipe-Service and Loads -Alternate Routes. -Pressure Drop -Obstacles -Future Loads. -Distribution Circuits . -Route Types -Through Buildings . -Exterior Steam Distribution . -Aboveground Overhead Piping . -Buried Piping -Condensate Return cost. -Choice of Route -Piping Layouts. -Underground -Insulation. -Miscellaneous
SPECIFIC PIPING DESIGN FACTORS
Fluid Characteristics -Steam . -Condensate. -High Temperature Water (HTW), Medium Temperature Water (MTW), and Low Temperature Hot Water (LTW)-Compressed Air-Natural Gas-Distribution System Piping-Equivalent Lengths of Piping. -Sizing of Distribution Piping -Minimum Pipe Size -Steam Piping-Condensate Returns . -High Temperature Water (HTW) Piping
Chilled Water Piping. -Condenser Water Piping. -Natural Gas Piping. -Compressed Air. -Piping Specifications and Codes -Steam Supply and Condensate Return. -High Temperature Water, Medium Temperature Water, and Low Temperature Water -Natural Gas and Compressed Air-Chilled and Condenser Water -Thermal Expansion of Steel and Copper Pipe.-Branch Lines. -Expansion Bends -Expansion Joints. -Flexibility Analysis-Stress Analysis -Insulation of Piping Systems–Insulation Thickness. -Jackets -Drainage Provisions -Pitch -Drips and Vents -Condensate Systems-Pipe Anchors-Guying-Embedding -Underground Conduits-Concrete Trench Design. -Depth of Trench -Drainage of Trench-Valve Manholes-Crossings .-Precast Concrete Shallow Trench Options -Manholes. –Drainage-Waterproofing -Pipe Entry.
